Black Elk Speaks Essay

Dark Elk Speaks is about a Native American kid that has dreams and these dreams help him with the strict parts of live. He has these dreams that guide him and shows him the way to exemplary nature. These dreams can likewise be viewed as legends, which are stories that attempt to clarify something. Each culture has their own assortment of fantasies. Dark Elk Speaks is additionally an extremely emblematic book, since it has the utilization of numerous items or individuals that speak to different things. In the American culture, just as different societies around the globe, are additionally exceptionally representative. The American culture is extremely various in that there are a wide range of societies that have blended and made the American culture. The American culture isn't something that is effectively clarified, in light of the fact that it is so blended in with numerous different societies from around the globe. From the start there were American Indians and they brought along their clans and legends and ceremonies. At that point came the British and after some time the Chinese as a result of the California dash for unheard of wealth. In time America was in habited with a wide range of nationalities and thoughts. These thoughts were gradually mixed together. As, when the British imparted their feast to the Indians they were likewise sharing their way of life and food. The trading of food and different thoughts brought the two far off universes closer. The more significant thoughts are what does such a lot of trading of food and thoughts represent? â€Å"A image is something, for example, an item, picture, composed word, sound, or specific imprint that speaks to something different by affiliation, likeness, or convention†(Wikipedia, 1). The item utilized in Black Elk Speaks is a funnel, given to them by a â€Å"young and very beautiful† lady, which represents trust and friendship. Presently, old buddy, let us smoke together so that there might be just acceptable between us† (Black Elk Speaks, 5). Dark Elk and Neihardt have a smoke together to share their fellowship and trust between the two. The channel can likewise represent harmony among individuals and additionally clans. Another demonstration, for example, the murdering of a buffalo, may be viewed as boldness, trustworthiness, mental fortitude, pride. The American culture changed radically when more societies were incorporated, for example, the Chinese and African Americans. Slaves got from Africa, which implied that they brought along their way of life and propensities to America. Despite the fact that subjection was not the correct activity, it brought another culture into America and made it progressively differing and â€Å"developed. † For instance, odd notions are something that has formed the way of life also. Spilled salt, strolling under a stepping stool, a wrecked mirror, and so on are altogether odd notions that are said to prompt misfortune. At the point when somebody does one of these things they accept that misfortune has arrived. This makes them act in an alternate manner. Something terrible later on happens they may turn and accuse the misfortune. Possibly a portion of the things that happen are simply incidents however culture has instructed us to accept that it was the misfortune brought about by the spilled salt, broken mirror, or strolling under a stepping stool. Another large image in Black Elk Speaks is the four strips attached to the funnel that Black Elk and Neihardt smoke. It speaks to the forces of the four fourth of the universe. There are four strips tired to the funnel and every lace is an alternate shading, which represents an alternate force. Dark is for the west, the wellspring of the downpour; red is for the east, the spot of the morning star that gives shrewdness; white is for the north, wellspring of purifying breeze; and yellow is for the south, the spots of summer and development. Legends are another huge thing that shapes a culture. Dark Elk’s dreams resemble the legends in this story. In his vision, an inlet horse welcomes Black Elk. He at that point discloses to Black Elk that he will reveal to him an account of the existence history of himself. The pony strolls in a round movement â€Å"‘Behold me! ’ he stated, ‘My life-history you will see. ’†¦ ‘Behold them! Their history you will know’† (Black Elk Speaks, 19). Each side that the pony goes to there are twelve ponies that are each in a gathering of various hues. The ponies toward the north are white, those toward the east are tawny, those toward the south are buckskin, and the ones toward the west are dark. The ponies will take Black Elk to his Grandfathers. The sky loads up with moving ponies that change into differing makers and lead an arrangement of the ponies from the four headings. They show up at a cloud those progressions into a lean-to with a rainbow entryway, which inside the six Grandfathers are pausing. A legend resembles a customary story which generally contains a type of saint or occasion. In this fantasy, the vision that Black Elk is having, is an occasion that is happening. A sound pony shows up before him and shows him the best approach to meet the six Grandfathers. Now and again legends may seem like a fantasy. For instance, in old China, there was before this monkey was problematic and cause annihilation to the sky. He was rebuffed and put under a mountain. After around a few hundred to a thousand years a priest tags along to spare the monkey and there begins an excursion of experiences and wickedness to get everlasting status. This is a fantasy since it is a legend of a saint that is rebuffed for his violations and subsequently pays his obligation by serving under his lord. There are numerous parts of a culture. The American culture is assorted and intense to clarify in one short answer. There is no evident American culture since it is only a blend of various societies from around the globe. Dark Elk Speaks shows the types of legends and images and how they add to American culture. Dark Elk’s legends and images are fundamentally the same as those of the American culture.

What to Expect From a Mental Health OT

What to Expect From a Mental Health OT Psychotherapy Print What to Expect From a Mental Health Occupational Therapist By Sarah Lyon, OTR/L twitter linkedin Sarah Lyon, OTR/L, is a board-certified occupational therapist and founder of OT Potential. Learn about our editorial policy Sarah Lyon, OTR/L Updated on February 02, 2020 Martin Barraud / Getty Images More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy Many people associate occupational therapy with pediatric services or physical rehabilitation. They are surprised to find occupational therapists also working in mental health settings. If you or a loved one is seeing a mental health OT, learning about their role can help you advocate for the best care. The History of Occupational Therapy in Mental Health Occupational therapy has its origins in mental health.?? At one point, the majority of OTs worked in mental health settings. In the past decade, the number of OTs in the United States working in mental health has dropped. (You were right to associate OT with physical rehab and pediatrics.)   However, new shifts in mental health care delivery may be opening the door for more OTs to re-enter this field. What OTs Bring to the Mental Health Treatment Team The training of an OT requires holistic approaches well suited for work in mental health settings. In addition to their training in physical well-being, occupational therapists are also trained in: Cognitive assessmentSensory strategiesTherapeutic alliancesGroup processParticipation in activities of daily learning (ADLs)Socio-emotional skills As in other OT settings, the ultimate focus of occupational therapy is to assist clients in participating in daily activities as independently as possible.?? Interventions Mental Health OTs Provide Here is a snapshot of common mental health OT interventions: Lead Groups Occupational therapists are trained in the group process.?? Examples of groups led by an occupational therapist may include: Life skillsJob readinessTherapeutic cookingMoney managementWellness recovery action plans  (WRAP)Therapeutic leisureNutritionSensory groupsIndependent living Provide Calming and Grounding Strategies Occupational therapists believe that participation in daily activities (aka occupations) is vital to mental health and well-being.?? Your occupational therapist may help you utilize familiar activities as coping mechanisms, such as listening to music, playing cards, writing, doodling, cooking, or cleaning. OTs are also fluent in sensory strategies.?? A person’s sensory system helps process information from the environment. For individuals with mental health conditions, their ability to process this information may be compromised, which can lead to feeling agitated and unsafe. Sensory strategies activate an individual’s basic processing systems (vestibular, proprioceptive, deep pressure touch) to aid in processing information, helping individuals feel grounded and calm. Sensory strategies may prove effective for people who may not be at a state to benefit from talk therapies. Sensory Rooms OTs are part of a larger movement to create sensory rooms on mental health units. Sensory rooms are places where individuals can go to feel safe. The rooms often have tools to help de-escalate and relax. The use of this simple concept has helped drop seclusion and restraint levels dramatically on some units. Assess Discharge Preparedness OTs have a battery of assessments that they can use to assess discharge preparedness in a standardized way. This information can help your treatment team understand what amount of care you will need at discharge and gauge your treatment progress. Address Physical Wellbeing One important qualification that sets occupational therapists apart from other qualified mental health professionals is their background in physical rehabilitation.?? Mental health issues are often overlaid with issues of physical health. In a mental health setting, you may find an OT addressing general strengthening, adjusting wheelchairs, recommending adaptive equipment, or any other task that is within the scope of occupational therapy. What Is Comorbidity? Advocate for Safe Independence Ultimately, your OT will seek to assist you in participating in daily activities. If your mental health condition is compromising your ability to participate in daily activities, speak to your occupational therapist about your concerns. If they do not have the tools to assure that your needs are being met, they can serve as an advocate and assist in getting you the necessary help. Specializations in Mental Health Many OTs are competent in trauma-informed care and the recovery model, either through their schooling, workplace training or independent study. Some OTs go on to earn the certification of Certified Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practitioner (CPRP).

Social Tourism Film Induced Tourism - 1324 Words

Sightseers today are more experienced and searching for new destinations and new experience. Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) have been aggressively pamper the visitors necessities to expand their piece of the overall industry despite the fact that their assets are exceptionally restricted. In the tourism business, there has been a developing wonder that travelers visit destinations included through movies which are not specifically identified with DMOs tourism advancement. This is another type of social tourism called film-induced tourism. Late research recommends that movies can have solid impact on visitor choice making and movies don t just give fleeting tourism income however long haul thriving to the destination. A few DMOs have immediately taken these points of interest and have effectively expanded the quantity of voyagers through the enchantment of movies. (Sue Beeton, 2005) Forms Characteristics of Film Induced tourism FORMS CHARACTERISTICS Film-induced tourism as part of a main holiday Sight seekers will visit movie location or book a tour for a holiday without any previous destination knowledge Film-induced tourism as a main purpose out of special interest The booking of a Holiday to a destination as a consequence of its profiles on the screen Film-induced tourism icons as focal points of visit Nature, places related to history. Film-induced tourism to places where filming is only believed to have taken place Tourists visiting the locationShow MoreRelatedEconomic Impact Of Tourism On Economic Impact On Tourism3097 Words   |  13 Pagesliterature on economic impact of tourism has been depicted throughout this review to explore the methodologies used and their uses in estimating the economic impact of tourism. There is a need to conduct economic impact analysis of tourism – as tourism activity cannot be regarded as an isolated economic activity. A number of authors have contributed towards the area of EIA and have employed several methodologies covering input-output model, Keynesian multiplier model, social accounting matrix model andRead Morepop culture tourism as travel motivator4897 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿ POP CULTURE TOURISM AS A TRAVEL MOTIVATOR A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management ABEGAIL D. BEDREJO RENALYN T. DRECE AGATHA FERNANDEZ JANICA R. JANSUY DIANNE SUZANNE F. LAMIS January 2014 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of theRead MoreSocial Media Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Topic 2: How do you think Social Media are shaping demand for Events and the Event Experience? 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The Key Causes For Tax Evasion - 1587 Words

People can be driven to behave recklessly if an outcome is well supported by incentives. The motivational aspect of an outcome is exactly what pushes companies and individuals alike to perform a task that they would normally not do. Motivation is the key cause for tax evasion, since it helps avoid a massive proportion of expenses that would generally be incurred. As illustrated by the case study that was provided by the Australian Financial Review, a small number of people do heavy tax lifting as opposed to the rest of the population. This means that there are a few people that earn a significant amount of money and due to progressive tax rates, the overall amount of tax that this small group of individuals would have to pay would be†¦show more content†¦This concept has shown prominence through every stage of business evolution and has still remained as an essential factor that every business in the modern generation strives to achieve. Profit not only shows a companyâ€⠄¢s efficient performance, but it also dictates how the company will be accepted within a society. This is supported by Friedman (1962, pp.23), as he mentions that ethical compromises can be made to achieve greater goals. Since the most fundamental goal of every business organisation is to earn profits and succeed amongst their competitors, it can be agreed that companies would be willing to sacrifice a certain amount of ethical decision making. The opportunity cost in this case is preferable for the people that would want to give up a portion of their ethical mindset to earn a larger profit share for their own selfish career oriented desires. (Lincoln, Pressley, Little, 1982, pp.476). Taking the aforementioned fact that profit is main goal of a company into consideration, it is crucial to understand that accounting is the crux of every business organisation. The Conceptual Framework clearly states that all information within financial reports should be free of bias and material error, i.e. the information must be

Womens Desire to be Happy in The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer

The Question still remains even today about what do women most desire to be happy in life? In the Canterbury tales, written by Chaucer in the fourteenth century, the wife of bath talks about women and what is most important to them to make them happy. In the prologue of wife of baths describes the audience about her experience with men and marriages from the wife, Allison’s past. As the writer Chaucer starts to describe Allison in the very long exhausting prologue, the very first word from the prologue is â€Å"Experience†. It makes it clear to the audience that this story and prologue will be mostly focused on someone with experience in life, marriage and chances to be happy. Allison’s experience with sex within her five marriages as mentioned in line six of her prologue allows her to gain control over her many husbands and uses the tale to carry out the opinion that she has on women being dominion in marriage. 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Businesses Beware When Does The Australian â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Businesses Beware When Does The Australian? Answer: Introducation A civil wrong that is perpetrated by an individual against that of another person can be termed as a tort. This term has come into force with the help of common law and there is no specific statute that provides the definition for the term. The tort law of United Kingdom influences to a large extent the tort law of Australia on account of the colonial heritage in regard to Australia. The statute of Civil Liability Acts have brought about modification in Tort Law in a large number of Australian cities. Common torts that are prevalent in the Australian Law are in relation to negligence, defamation, trespass, private nuisance, misrepresentation, damaging economic interests, and in cases of breach of public duties (Leon 2015). The torts that are applicable in case of business situation are known as economic torts. Business torts or economic torts are the wrong acts which are carried out against business entity. Such kind of acts are often carried out deliberately and often they are caused owing to recklessness that results in monetary loss for the affected party. These torts generally are not criminal offences however some such acts become tantamount to that criminal offence and may cause as a consequence restraining in trade (Little et al. 2014). Wrongful acts often result in financial loss due to negligent acts and the affected party can demand compensation in the court or get an injunction order in order to stop the defendant from carrying out such kind of unlawful activity in the near future. Tort of negligence and misrepresentation are the most common ones that affect an organization or a company. Negligence occurs when an individual fails to carry out the duty of care for a person to whom he was responsible. An individual should care for his neighbor was established in the celebrated Donoghue v Stevensons case. Neighbor is indicative of the person who would be affected on account of the acts or omitting the person who is performing such an act. The harm that would be a resultant of a policy should be seen from beforehand. The person should be able to take such reasonable step that would prove to be helpful in averting such kind of risk. In the event of making a claim that is against a person due to negligence, the aggrieved party should establish the core elements of tort of negligence. The aggrieved should be able to establish that the defendant owed to be taken care of and has inflicted a breach in relation to that duty. Plaintiff should have suffered damage and injuries sustained on account of that breach. The harm that was done should be a direct result of the breach like that of the case of Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital[1969] 1 QB 428. The aggrieved party should be able to establish that the loss that was resulted was on account of the breach and that the risk involves was foreseeable. Reasonable person will be able to foresee such a risk while being in the position of defendant under the same circumstances. This principle was revealed in the Wagon Mound No 1[1969] AC 388, in which the court gave the verdict that in the event of the defendant being accountable for foreseeable loss, he would be complete ly responsible for such a loss. Oyston v St Patricks College [2011] NSWSC 269 was an incidence of negligence of tort in case of a business situation in which a student won a case of negligence against that of ghis school because the school in this case failed in providing the duty of care. Legal action was brought out by Jazmine Oyston against that of her school that was St. Patricks College situated in New South Wales because of negligence. Jazmine made an allegation that during enrollment she was injured and had to bear the brunt of harassment along with bullying which made her susceptible to depression, anxiety as well as panic attacks. Her account suggested the fact that the policies of school could not save her from the grip of harm that could be easily recognized. The court gave the verdict that risk of harm could be foreseen from before and even the school had foreseen such a thing. The students had to face bullying and harrassment from some quarter on account of the negligence of the school (Stickley 2016). The court highlighted the policies of the school and other steps taken by the school was sufficient in ensuring whether the school succeeded in fulfilling the duty of care which it was supposed to owe to Oyston. In this case, the court ruled that school has failed in exercising duty of care because though the implementation of school policy were in relation to bullying yet the school has failed in taking such effective steps that could have safeguarded Oyston from the clutches of bullying though they knew about it. Policies were faulty and Oyston had to sustain injuries because of this. The judge professed that reasonable person would have started investigation in regard to the complaints that were made by Jasmine. They would have made such suitable arrangement that would have ensured strict monitoring. In causation terms, judge ruled that the injuries of Oyston were in the form of psychological injury and it was the direct fallout of failure of college in taking necessary steps that could have prevented Oyston from the hands of harassment. The court has pointed out that damages were done to Oyston. In this situation, the plaintiff Oyston had suggested that college was responsible of taking care of her in which they failed and such a breach has resulted in damages. The college lost out in providing adequate care when it could be foreseen by college. A false statement of law that causes a representee to get engaged into a settlement will fall under the ambit of misrepresentation. Representation refers to the statement that is made in case of a negotiation and on the occasion of the statement turning to be false, It may be labeled as misrepresentation. When a contractual term becomes a misrepresentation, then the contract is liable in becoming void that signifies that representee can officially cancel the contract (Sandeen 2015). To establish claim of misrepresentation, aggrieved party should establish primary elements in relation to the misrepresentation. A significant element in regard to misrepresentation is false statement in regard to a fact that is opposed to opinion. Another essential element in regard to misrepresentation arises when aggrieved party has depended on false statement that has been made by representator and entered into a contract. On the account of aggrieved party not relying on false statements of representator, or those who were not forced to enter into any contract will not be allowed to bring up claim of misrepresentation (North and Flitcroft 2016). Three types of misrepresentation exists that of negligent misstatement, fraudulent and innocent misrepresentation. Joystick Company Limited saw an instance of misrepresentation in which the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission started legal action against that of Joystick Company that was taken up in the Federal Court because the company had proved to be fraud and had misrepresented products. The company was blamed on the ground that it had made fake statements that the items of the company did not have any toxin. Ommissiones tests that were conducted revealed that e-cigarette product contained toxic chemicals that included acrolein, acetaldehyde that can cause cancer. The court saw that the director of the company was well aware of this fact but still went on making false promises to compel the customer to buy their product (Corones 2014). The introduction of Competition and Consumer Act 2010 safeguarded the rights of consumers in respect to conduct of seller that was related to that of trade and commerce. The statute prohibited individuals and businesses from getting involved in unfair practices that was under section18 of schedule 2 of Act that mainly deals with the Consumer Law of Australia. It dealt with deceptive conduct, unfair terms and for misleading public. The customers should receive goods of good quality and statements of persons in regard to quality and value should match when goods are delivered and services are provided to the customers (Latimer 2016). The business of Australia are forbidden to make any false statement that would mislead the customers from entering into a contract. It should ensure that businesses are not careless about the statements that they are making. According to the tort of negligence, business should ensure that goods or services do not cause any kind of harm to consumers since business owes duty of care in relation to the customers. If a risk arises on account of the goods of a company then reasonable steps should be taken that would be able to mitigate any kind of risk and ensure safety to consumers. In case the client makes a claim against the action of business, then the businesses should establish that it had satisfied the guarantees of consumers as recorded in the Australian Consumer Law (Pearson 2017). The business should also establish that it had revealed all important information that was related to goods and in such a way ensure that the customer is safe. The Australian Consumer law states in clear terms the rights of the consumers. This is inclusive of right to repair, refund along with compensation for the damage done and the consumers have even the right to cancel a service that is faulty (Howells and Weatherill 2017). A product or a service come with some guarantee that is offered automatically that they will work in the right manner. One will be entitled to consumer rights in case one buys something that is not right. One can also cancel a service under the ambit of Australian Consumer law. Guarantees are applied to many service along with that of products one buys irrespective of any warranty that the suppliers give to the consumer. Statutory authority of Australian Consumer law should make sure that businesses should refrain from unfair practices that can cause imbalance in rights and obligations of parties as mentioned in the contract. It should not prove to be harmful for the customers. In case any unfair practice is resorted to, the offending party should be able to repair the goods or provide compensation to the aggrieved party because of the loss that they had to sustain (Brody and Temple 2016). It becomes very evident that a person who is supposed to bestow duty of care should take such reasonable steps that will be able to prevent any such risk specially when the threat can be perceived from beforehand. References: Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428. Brody, G. and Temple, K., 2016. Unfair but not illegal: Are Australia's consumer protection laws allowing predatory businesses to flourish?.Alternative Law Journal,41(3), pp.169-173. Competition and Consumer Act 2010 schedule 2 Corones, S.G., 2014.Competition law in Australia. Thomson Reuters Australia, Limited. Esso Petroleum v Mardon [1976] QB 801. Howells, G. and Weatherill, S., 2017.Consumer protection law. Routledge. Latimer, P., 2016. Protecting Consumers from Unfair Contract Terms: Australian Comparisons. Leon, J.J., 2015. Negligence-Torts-Negligent Misrepresentation-Downfall of Privity-Hanberry v. Hearst Corp., 81 Cal. Rptr. 519 (1969).DePaul Law Review,19(4), p.803. Little, J.W., Lidsky, L.B., O'Connell, S.C. and Lande, R.H., 2014.Torts: Theory and Practice. LexisNexis. North, J. and Flitcroft, R., 2016. Businesses beware When does the Australian Consumer Law apply?.Governance Directions,68(5), p.306. Oyston v St Patrickss College [2011] NSWSC 269, Pearson, G., 2017. Current Issues for Consumer Protection Law in Australia. InConsumer Law and Socioeconomic Development(pp. 199-208). Springer, Cham. Sandeen, S., 2015. LAW9151-W. Torts: The Common Law Process. F15. Sandeen, Sharon. Stickley, A.P., 2016.Australian Torts Law. LexisNexis Butterworths. Wagon Mound No 1 [1969] AC 388,

Tata Company SWOT and PEST Analysis

Tata Motors is an automotive manufacturing company based in India. The company specializes in the design, development, assembly, financing, manufacture, and sale of Tata vehicles. In addition, it sells accessories, and spare parts. The company has its primary operations in India, South Africa, Thailand, South Korea, Spain, the UK, and Bangladesh.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tata Company SWOT and PEST Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tata has its headquarters in Mumbai India with approximately 52,244 employees. For the fiscal year ended march 2011, Tata recorded revenue of $26860 million representing a 33 % increase over the 2010 period. Its operating profit over the same period stood at $1,068.2 million in 2011 compared to $156.4 million in 2010. Current Strategies Pursued by Tata The companys main strategy is to expand its global presence. The company is moving quickly in acquiring other companies in different countries to expand its business globally. According to Goldman (2), Tata has successfully built a sound business in South Africa, which is a key element in its current global expansion strategy. Tata is not new in acquisitions; in 2000 the company bought Tetley Tea a company based in the UK that was suffering from losses. This was the companys first major acquisition. According to Krishnan (4), the companys acquisition of two premium vehicle brands Jaguar and Land Rover may boost the companys image as an international company; in addition, it will help the company in its up scaling efforts similar to the way the acquisition of Tetley Tea Ltd boosted Tata Tea Ltd and Corus Group Plc (Carty 2). Aims and Objectives The objective of this report is to carry out a detailed strategic analysis for Tata Company. The analysis will be based upon secondary from the Internet including the companys financial statements, case studies, and other online sources. The aim of this report is to provide a useful strategic analysis that can be used not only as point of reference for Tata motors but also as a theoretical framework for undertaking the companys valuation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report may be used as a primary guide for researchers who seek to appreciate and understand Tata company strategies and also get a practical perspective about Tata as a public listed company. Methodology An in-depth analysis of the companys strategy will be undertaken. In analyzing the companys strategy, the report will make use of both qualitative and quantitative analysis based on the data and information gathered from various online sources, published reports about Tata company, and the companys website. The conclusion arrived at shall be a mix of the students own belief as well as factual presentation. Scope of the Report The scope of this report is academ ic and will be based on academic data in addition to past academic and professional analysis of Tata motors. We will present the entire report as a practical framework based on research findings about the company and apply the findings of the research to Tata Motors. There are two major areas that will be covered that include SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats), and PEST Analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological). Limitations The report and the analysis will be done based upon data and published reports sources from recognized business databases on the Internet. It will be done from the students point of view for academic purposes; as a result the output may not qualify as a complete analysis of Tata company. Even though maximum efforts will be applied to ensure that both the analysis and the conclusion arrived at will be as comprehensive as possible and can be adopted in professional scenarios. PEST Analysis Political Given that Tata Mot ors operates in several countries across Asia, Europe, Australia, Middle East, and Africa, it has to consider the political environment, including regulations and laws in the specific countries in which it operates. Regulations that govern trade, commerce, investment, and growth are largely influenced by the political climate.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tata Company SWOT and PEST Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good example is in 2008 when Tata reached an agreement with a UK based Ford to purchase Land Rover and Jaguar. To do this, it had to fully comprehend the laws that regulate commerce in its home country in addition to the countries where Jaguar and Land Rover operate in. As Tata advances in its global expansion strategy, it is important that it keeps an eye on political changes. The Tata head office reports that India has very strict regulations that govern the regulations of the company in all its dealings and its subsidiary operations (Tata Motors Limited 1). Economic Given its presence in several continents, Tata focus its marketing strategy on the individual markets while keeping a close watch on the global economic developments. From 2004, the company has expanded its global presence through joint ventures. For this reason, it must understand the global economic perspective, to learn, and adapt to the different regions which it operates. Given its wide presence, the company has a competitive edge in gathering of resources and information. For instance, if aluminum prices go up in Africa, Tata has the choice of sourcing them from other suppliers in Europe or Asia at an affordable cost (David 5). The exchange rates equally affect the companys business. Fluctuations in the exchange rate can significantly affect the companys profitability it can also imply that costs increase or reduce in return. For this reason, the company has to pay a closer attention not only t o the Indian currency (rupee) but also other currencies, including the pound, dollar, euro among others (Krishnamoorthy 4). Social How well Tata performs is determined by the opinions, general attitude, and beliefs of all the stakeholders in the organization. The stakeholders include the companys management, employees, and suppliers. The attitudes and culture possessed by the stakeholders ultimately influences Tatas future in terms of profitability.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is because of this that Tata tend to use an integration strategy for the new companies it acquires in various continents. Demographic characteristics equally affect the company. For example the demand for cars in India significantly differs from the demand for cars in Italy. The Indian market is significantly large than that of Italy in addition, the company has to take into account the individual purchasing power in each market. In Italy for example, individuals have higher incomes as such they can afford to drive big luxury vehicles. Cheap vehicles like Tata Nano can do well in India than in Italy. The social factors significantly affect the companys marketing and product design strategies. Technology In terms of technology, Tata motors in one of the leading companies in the industry. Given its global presence, the company has a significant pool of resources and experience that it can use to undertake research and development initiatives. The company translates the needs of the customers into products desired by the customers through innovative research and development (Tata 4). The company employs approximately 1400 engineers and scientists. In addition, it has a Research and Development team that meets the international standards and leads in the Indian market. With the automotive industry, individual manufacturers must keep pace with technology given the emerging problems of high fuel prices and global warming. The company must invest sufficient resources in Research and Development to come up with new innovative solutions that can address these problems and keep the company viable. SWOT Analysis Strengths Tata has an upper hand in innovation because it is fully committed to Research and development. It ability to design the Nano, the least expensive and fuel efficient vehicle that retails at only $2500 represents a better deal than what the other companies have developed. This gives the company a competitive edge over its competition. In addition, the company has diversified its production because it production ranges from the most expensive tractor trailers to the cheapest Nano cars. Because of this the company can satisfy customer demands in various market segments. Similarly the company enjoys a good public image because of its corporate responsibility initiatives, especially charity donations and its environmentally friendly initiatives. In 2000, the company produced the first compressed natural airbus OneCat that neither has gas costs nor carbon emissions (Corporate Governance 7). This has made the car quite attractive for the developed markets. The way the company manages its acquisitions is a strength. As part of its global expansion strategy, whenever it acquires a foreign company, it keeps intact not only the companys structure but also the existing management team. Weaknesses A major weakness that the company faces is its inability to satisfy the safety standards. Even though the company has succeeded in making one of the cheapest cars in the market, the company has not met the legal factors that form part of the safety measures. Some quotas have questioned Tata Nano; they argue that as a car manufacturer, Tata should ensure the safety of its consumers at all costs. They doubt if Tatas cheapest car is safe to drive. For the last one decade, the company specialized in passenger cars. From the customers’ point of view, the period is not long enough and because of this, the company is not fully experienced in car manufacturing. In 2011 December, the company had to recall approximately 1.4 million Nano cars to replace their faulty starter units. The replacement affected all cars that had been produced from 2009 when the new car brand was launched. This cost the company approximately $21.8 million. Such recalls have a negative impact o the companys profitability because the replacement costs adverse effect on the operating results. In addition, product recalls affect public perception of the co mpany because the products are viewed as possessing less quality and this could strain the sale of Tata Motors Company. Opportunities The creation of new products by Tata will most likely enhance consumer confidence and interest in the company. The company launched a number of new products in the 2011 financial year, including Tata Prima Construck in India, Tata Indica eV2 in India, XKR-S at the Geneva motor show Tata Venture in Rajasthan, Tata Magic IRIS, and Tata Ace Zip. In august 2011, the company launched a modified version of its premium hatchback. Its new products development in various markets across the world will significantly improve the companys product portfolio resulting in increased sales and growth. This will also help in growing the companys brand image. Second, the company is better positioned to benefit from the high-demand for diesel cars in India. In the last one year, India has seen a significant increase in the demand for diesel cars. The increase in demand is highly attributed to petrol prices deregulation in June 2010 that saw petrol prices rice by a margin of 30 %. Compared to petrol, in India, diesel fuel is mostly used by manufacturers, and farmers. These groups enjoy subsidized rates. The increase in the prices of petrol in the previous two years has encouraged consumers to shift toward more fuel efficient cars. For the fiscal year 2011, diesel cars had a total market share of 40 % of all the cars sold in India. The Indias Automobile Manufactures reports that from 2011 the sale of diesel cars increased by more than 24 % whereas the sales for petrol cars declined by 16 %. Currently in India the demand for diesel car models account for approximately 80 % of the total market. Tata has positioned itself t benefit from the increased demand for diesel cars in India. Hybrid vehicles are equally another opportunity for Tata Company. As consumers become more environmentally conscious, they demand for eco-friendly cars. In addition, increasi ng oil prices and government regulations aimed at reducing global warming and pollution, are pushing people toward hybrid electric vehicles. The main markets for electric vehicles are majorly the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. However, the rapid economic growth that China is experiencing, it is expected that the demand for hybrid electric vehicles will increase in the country. In 2010, the world hybrid electric vehicle market recorded a sales turnover of $33 billion, and the market is expected to register yearly growth rate of 18 % between 2010 and 2015. As a company, Tata has positioned itself to capture a significant share of the market for hybrid electric vehicles. In the UK Tata Motors is one of the leading green-technology automotive companies. In 2011, the company launched a land rover with an advanced plug-in hybrid diesel technology. The launch was done at the Geneva motor show. The company’s focus toward hybrid vehicles will enable it to benefit from the p ositive market growth in this sector. The India’s automotive industry is equally expected to deliver positive growth. The industry is growing at a faster rate and currently India takes the second position as the fastest growing car market. Future growth of Indias automobile sector will benefit from increased economic growth, high disposable incomes, high population, and change in peoples lifestyles. In the passenger cars segment, it is projected that growth will average 13 % annually from 2011 to 2015. By 2015, it is projected that India will be the seventh largest car market in the globe. By 2020, India will be the worlds third largest market after the United States and China. Threats Stiff competition is a threat the company faces. The world automotive industry is highly competitive and with increasing global consolidation and globalization the competition will increase even further. Competition will be more stiff in the in the premium vehicle categories as all market parti cipants tighten their strategies to maintain their market share in established markets. A number of factors affect competition and these include: product features and quality, development time, innovation, a companys ability to manage its costs, pricing strategy, safety, reliability, fuel economy, and customer service. With the Indian market Tata faces stiff competition from Hyundai, Suzuki, General Motors, Ford, Fiat, Honda Motors, Mitsubishi Motors, and Mahindra Mahindra. Its premium vehicle categories like Jaguar compete with established European brands for example: Audi, Lexus, Mercedes Benz, Volkswagen, Infiniti, and Porsche. The Land Rover on the other hand competes with vehicles made by Nissan, Isuzu, and Toyota. The high competition is highly likely to increase price wars leading to pressure on the companys profits and loss of market share. Environmental laws and regulations equally pose a significant threat. As a vehicle manufacturing company, Tata is expected to abide by government regulations pertaining to carbon emission levels, safety, noise, and pollution from its production facilities. Given the current state of global warming, governments will be even stiffer in enforcing the regulations, and this may adversely affect the companys financial performance. In particular, Europe and the United States have very strict regulations relating to vehicle emissions. Given that Tatas Land Rover and Jaguar brands have well established operations in Europe and UK. In addition, other markets where Tata has interest have begun defining their Greenhouse gas standards including Korea, China, Switzerland, Japan, South Africa, and Australia. In order for Tata to comply with future and current environmental regulations, Tata will have to incur significant capital outlays and research and development expenditures. This will be necessary to upgrade not only its products but also the manufacturing facilities. If the company does this, its costs, and operational resul ts will be affected (Chang 6). The poor economic outlook for Europe and the United States is another potential threat. In 2008 the world suffered one of the worst financial crisis in history. The recession that followed negatively affected the economies of the United States and Europe. According to a report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the output from the two regions will remain below their market potential. The United States is trying to regain its foothold; however, the economy still weak growth coupled with slow job recovery. Similarly, the weak household finances, housing market, and reduced consumer purchasing power have worsened the downside risks. The U.S. economy is forecasted to grow at an average of between 1.5 % and 1.7 % in the 2011/2012 fiscal year. At the same time, Europe suffers high public deficits, increased market instability, and low potential output. All these factors have come into play to reduce the rate of economic growth. Growth in real Gross do mestic product (GDP) within the Euro area is forecasted to decline from two percent in the first half of 2011 to only one percent in 2012. In addition, the ongoing financial challenges facing the region are likely to result in limited credit creation and lower confidence. Given that Tata Motors Company gets approximately 35 % of its revenues from Europe and the United States, such a weak economic environment can adversely affect the companys growth prospects and revenues (Korzeniewski 2). Based on the strategic analysis, Tata is a strong company that has gained significant competitive edge from its global expansion efforts through mergers and acquisitions, and its parent company Tata Group. The company has the right foundation in pace and is well placed to advance its international growth strategy in the selected regions. Works Cited Carty, Sharon. Tata Motors to buy Jaguar, Land Rover for $2.3B. USA Today. 2009. Web. Chang, Richard. Can Detroit be relevant? The New York Times. 2008 . Web. Corporate Governance. Tata group. Tata. 2012. Web. David, Ruth. Tata Motors: ready to take on the world? Forbes. 2012. Web. Korzeniewski, Jeremy. A new agreement between Tata Motors and MDI Bring the air-car closer to reality. AutoblogGreen. 2007. Web. Krishnamoorthy, Anand. Jaguar purchase drives Tata Motors shareholders to end holdings. Bloomberg. 2008. Web. Krishnan, Ravi. Tata small car throws a big punch. Livemint.com. 2008. Web. Tata Motors Limited. Profile. 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